Financial planning

Can I lose my money in a savings policy?

“I paid for ten years and it is worth less than I put in.” Why it happens, what a projection means, which documents you should have received, and what you can check today. Education, not investment advice.

By AVRASTRO · · 8 min read · updated 17 October 2026

In short

Yes: in an investment policy the value of the units can rise and fall, and you bear the risk unless something is explicitly guaranteed. Projections are examples, not promises.

  • Do not decide in panic. First look at the annual statement, the costs and when you will need the money.
  • Find the Key Information Document (KID) and the suitability statement; if they are missing, ask for them in writing.
  • Ask for a written breakdown: premiums, units, charges and surrender value year by year.
  • Before you stop or cancel, discuss the options with a licensed advisor.

At a glance

  • In an investment policy, the value of the units can rise and fall. You bear the risk, unless something is explicitly guaranteed.
  • Projections are examples built on assumptions, not promises.
  • Before signing, you should have received the Key Information Document (KID), information on total costs and, if you were advised, a written suitability statement.
  • Do not decide in panic. First look at the annual statement, the costs and your time horizon.

When the value is less than you paid

Few things hurt more than opening the annual statement after years of payments and seeing less than you put in. The anger is natural, and often comes with the feeling that nobody told you. Let us look calmly at what can explain it, and what you can check.

Three usual explanations

  • The market. The value of the units follows the fund’s assets. The rules require your units to be matched by real assets; they do not protect you from falls.
  • The costs. In many policies charges are higher in the first years, and there is also the cost of the insurance cover. That is why the surrender value is often low at the start.
  • Time. A plan designed for 20 years is not judged at year 10. That does not mean it will end well; it means the picture halfway through is partial.

The documents you should have received

For insurance-based investment products, the law requires: the Key Information Document (KID) in good time before you are bound; information on costs and charges, in total, so you can see their effect on returns; and, if you were advised, a written suitability statement explaining how the proposal meets your objectives, after the advisor has asked about your knowledge, financial situation, ability to bear losses and risk tolerance.

If you did not receive these documents, or a projection was presented to you as a promise, you can make a written complaint. The path is the same as for any dispute: the insurer within 45 days, then the Financial Ombudsman (€20).

Your questions, one by one

Real people ask these questions, sometimes in anger. We answer them as they are, briefly and calmly.

Can I lose my money in a unit-linked policy?

Yes, the value can fall, and if you sell when it is low the loss becomes real. You bear the market risk, unless the policy has an explicit guarantee. The risk indicator in the Key Information Document shows how much it can move.

I paid for 10 years and my policy is worth less than what I paid. How is that possible?

Usually from a combination of three: charges that are higher in the first years, the cost of the insurance cover, and the course of the markets. Ask for a written breakdown: how much you paid, how much went into units, which charges were deducted.

Why not just put my money in the bank or an ETF instead?

Each route has different costs, risks and features: an insurance product may include life cover and payment discipline, an ETF usually has lower costs and no cover. We cannot say what suits you; a licensed advisor judges that from your goals and horizon.

Is the return on a savings policy guaranteed?

Only if the policy says so explicitly. Unit-linked policies usually have no guaranteed return. Ask in writing what, if anything, is guaranteed and on what conditions.

What are the projections in the illustration — promises or examples?

They are examples built on assumptions about returns, not promises. Look mostly at the unfavourable scenario and the effect of costs. If they were presented to you as certain, that is something you can raise in a complaint.

The advisor showed me 8% a year. I got 1%. Was I misled?

An 8% projection is not a promise, and the actual return can be very different. The question is whether that was explained to you, whether you received the Key Information Document and, if you were advised, a written suitability statement. If not, make a written complaint to the insurer and then, if needed, to the Financial Ombudsman.

What fees are taken from my investment every year?

Usually: premium allocation charges, a policy fee, the fund management charge and the cost of the insurance covers. The law requires you to see the costs in total and their effect on returns, with an itemised breakdown if you ask for it.

What is a Key Information Document (KID) and should I read it?

It is a short standard document for investment products, which must be given to you in good time before you are bound. It shows the risk indicator from 1 to 7, return scenarios and costs. Yes, it is worth reading before you sign.

Can I switch funds inside my policy if the market falls?

In many policies you can switch funds, sometimes at a cost. A switch after a fall, though, locks in the loss, because you sell low. Discuss it with a licensed advisor before deciding.

What does ‘risk class 1 to 7’ mean for my fund?

It is the summary risk indicator of the Key Information Document. 1 is the lowest class, not “risk-free”; 7 is the highest. Read the recommended holding period with it.

Mixing insurance with investment is just a way to hide costs.

Combining insurance and investment has costs that must be visible. The law requires a total picture of the costs and their effect on returns before you sign. If you do not see it clearly, ask for it in writing.

What happens to my investment if I die before maturity?

Usually the policy pays the beneficiaries the sum insured or the value of the units, whichever the terms set. Check in your policy exactly what is paid on death.

Should I buy term insurance and invest the difference myself?

Some people do. It needs discipline, and each route has its own costs and risks. We cannot tell you which suits you; a licensed advisor assesses that and must explain in writing why a proposal fits your objectives.

How does inflation affect the value of my policy?

Inflation reduces the buying power of any amount over time. A sum that looks large in 20 years will buy less than today. So when you read a projection, think about what it will be worth then.

How do I read my annual statement?

Look at: how many units you hold, the unit price, how much you paid in the year, which charges were deducted, and the surrender value. We have an article that explains it line by line.

Why did nobody tell me my ‘investment’ would be worth almost nothing in the first years?

This should have been visible in the documents before you signed: the Key Information Document, the costs and the table of surrender values. If they were not given or explained to you, you can make a written complaint. Before cancelling, ask about middle-ground options.

Is there a capital-guaranteed option, and what does it cost?

Some products offer a guarantee of all or part of the capital. The guarantee usually has a cost or limits the possible return, and applies on conditions. Ask in writing exactly what is guaranteed, when, and what it costs.

Did the advisor have to check my risk tolerance before selling me this?

Yes. When advising on an insurance-based investment product, the advisor must ask about your knowledge and experience, your financial situation and ability to bear losses, and your objectives and risk tolerance. Before the contract, they must give you a written suitability statement.

Can I take out part of my money in an emergency?

Some policies allow a partial surrender, with charges or limits. From tax year 2026, on a partial surrender above the gross surrender value of four years earlier, 50% of the excess is added to taxable income. Ask what your policy allows and, before that, whether you have an emergency fund.

My friend’s ETF did twice as well as my policy. Did I make a mistake?

A comparison only makes sense if you compare like with like: costs, risk, horizon, and whether one includes insurance cover. Past returns do not show what will happen. Do not cancel out of disappointment; first ask for the costs and the surrender value, and discuss it with a licensed advisor.

What you can do from today

  • Find the Key Information Document, the suitability statement and the latest annual statement.
  • If one is missing, ask the insurer for it in writing.
  • Ask for a written breakdown: premiums, units, charges, surrender value by year.
  • Write down when you will need the money. The horizon matters more than one bad year.
  • Before you stop or cancel, discuss the options with a licensed advisor.

This is education, not investment advice or a recommendation of any fund or product. Past returns do not guarantee future ones, and the value of an investment can go down as well as up. Which fund suits you is for a licensed advisor to judge, assessing suitability from your goals, time horizon, financial situation and tolerance for risk (Article 30 of the Insurance Distribution Directive, IDD). AVRASTRO is not an insurer.

Read also: Investment funds in plain words · How to read the annual statement · Monthly contributions and market falls · The surrender value in the early years · All the questions you are afraid to ask

This article is for information. Figures apply at the publication date and may change; talk to an advisor about your own situation.

Giannis Farazis

Your advisor, Giannis Farazis
Life-insurance advisor, ICCS reg. no. 7854

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